Fuel-admission device for heavy-oil engines



March 31, 1925. F. HUBER FUEL ADMISSION DEVICE FOR HEAVY on. swarms 'Filed ApriI 30, 1921 Patented lVlar 31, 1925.

I UNITED STATES rm'rz HUBER, or MANNHEIM, GERMANY, lassieuon TO THE FIRM HEINRICH LANZ, or MANNHEIM, GERMANY.

FUEL-ADMISSION DEVICE FOR HEAVY-OIL ENGINES.

Application filed April 30, 1921. Serial No. 465,915.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRrrz HUBER, a citizen of the Republic of Germany, residing at- Mannheim, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Admission Devices for Heavy-Oil Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Heavy oil engines in which the fuel on emerging from the nozzle is sprayed by a spirally grooved guide piece inserted in the mouth of the nozzle so as-to impart a whirling motion to the fuel, frequently have the disadvantage that they stop under a small load or when running free due to the ignition missing. In such an arrangement the fuel, which is sprayed or vapourized,

after emerging from the nozzle forms a cone which, in the form of an annulus encounters an incandescent plate arranged for instance at the wall opposite the nozzle, where it is vapourized, and on the compression being increased is ignited. In the case of a reduced load, the amount of fuel which encounters the incandescent plate is so small that the mixture of fuel and air formed is too poor to ignite.

This invention consists in the arrangement by which, with a decrease in the load, the apex angle of the fuel cone is diminished so that when idling or running free this angle is very substantially reduced. The annulus of contact of the fuel with the incandescent plate is thereby reduced and the mass of the fuel is correspondingly denser while the mixture of air and fuel are correspondingly richer, so that even when running free ignition takes place with certainty within the annulus of contact, which is still further ensured by the incandescent plate remaining hot in the middle longer than at its outer portion.

Incandescent ignition engines are known in which a nozzle in a vapourizing chamber is located opposite an incandescent plate in the centre of which a hot ignition chamber is connected by means of a neck portion. With full load a portion of the mixture of fuel and air is forced into the preliminary ignition chamber where it impingesagainst the hot walls of the said ignltion chamber and ignites whereupon the gas fires back in jets of flame through the said neck portion into the ignition chamber A and ignites the remainder of the mixture of fuel and air, When the engine is running free the core of the fuel cone is very poor in fuel solthat on compression hardly any fuel is forced into the ignition chamber but practically only fresh air, so that ignition in said cham-' ber cannot therefore take place. Now with the device according to the present invention a very rich mixture is forced into the said neck portion during free running in consequence of the small angle of dispersion, and this mixture can still be ignited with certainty even if the walls of the ignition chamber have become cooler than when running on full load.

One form of device according to the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a sec tional view of the cylinder head taken substantially on the line 1-1 of Figure 2, and Figure 2 is a plan view of the cylinder with head removed. In the said drawing a in dicates the ignition plate and f the ignition chamber, while It is a neck communicating between the chamber and the vaporiz-.

ing chamber A. The character 8 indicates the nozzle insertion piece which is mounted in the nozzle *rz, and provided with a spiral groove arranged so as to be displaceable relatively to the nozzle orifice d, a prolongation of the piece 8 being provided for example, at the upper end with a thread g and a lever me, so that by turning the lever m thepiece s can be moved toward and away from the nozzle orifice by means of the screw thread 9. The chamber 39 between the thereby enlarged or reduced and consequent ly in this chamber p a variable quantit of fuel may be collected. The fuel contained'in the said chamber 77 now has a whirling motion imparted to it as a result of a-thru'st exerted by the piston of the fuel pump (not shown) which ,forces the fuel through the spiral threads of the piece 8.

insertion piece and the nozzle orifice isjao The fuel is thereby accelerated'the amount of acceleration being dependent on the quantity of fuel present in the chamber [9, that is to say dependent on the distance of the part 8 from the orifice ofthe nozzle. The, greater the space 2 the smaller .is-the acceleration and vice versa. The angle at which the fuel cone is developed is however also directly dependent on the acceleration. If the fuel has a high speed of rotation the angle.

is greater, and vice versa the angle is smaller 1f the fuel has a smaller speed of rotation, so that whenv the piece .9 is screwed down and the space 39 is made small, a larger apex angle such as a is formed, and when the piece 8 is screwed upwardly and the space p is made larger, as smaller apex angle such as B is formed.

Claims:

1. In an internal combustion engine, an incandescent plate and a fuel admission nozzle adapted to project a cone of fuel against said plate and means to vary the apex angle of said fuel cone.

2. In an internal combustion engine, an

incandescent plate and a fuel admission nozzle adapted to project a cone of fuel against said incandescent plate, said nozzle having a chamber therein and means to vary the effective volume of said chamber and thereby vary the apex angle of said fuel cone.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a fuel supplying means, a nozzle having an orifice through which the fuel is passed, an incandescent plate against which the fuel is projected and means within said nozzle to vary the density of the fuel at its points of impact with the plate without varying the quantity of fuel passing through the nozzle.

4. In an internal combustion engine, an incandescent plate, a nozzle adapted to project a fuel supply against said plate and means to regulate the density of the fuel supply at its points of contact with said plate without varying the quantity of fuel passing through said nozzle, said means comprising an adjustable member within said nozzle.

5. In an internal combustion engine, an incandescent plate, a nozzle adapted to project a fuel supply against said plate, and means to regulate the density of the fuel supply at its points of contact With said plate without varying the quantity of fuel passing through said nozzle, said means comprising an adjustable member having a plurality of spiral grooves therein adapted to give a swirling motion to said fuel within said nozzle.

6. In an internal combustion engine, an incandescent plate, a nozzle having an orifice adapted to project a fuel supply against said plate, a chamber in said nozzle and a longitudinally movable member in said chamber,

said member provided. with a plurality of.

spiral grooves and means to adjust said member to provide a variable space in said nozzle adjacent said orifice.

7. In an internal combustion engine, having a cylinder with a piston therein, a fuel admissionnozzle, an incandescent plate pro vided with an ignition chamber, said engine being provided with a combustion'chamber located between said nozzle and incandescent plate, said incandescent plate being located below said nozzle and being provided With an orifice connecting said ignition and combustion chambers, said orifice being situated below and in alignment with said nozzle whereby any drops of fuel forming at the bottom of the nozzle will fall through said orifice into said ignition chamber.

8. In an internal combustion engine, an incandescent plate provided with an ignition chamber; a combustion chamber adjacent said plate, said plate provided with an orifice connecting said ignition and combustion chambers; and a fuel admission nozzle opposite said plate adapted to project a cone of fuel against said plate, said nozzle provided with adjustable means to vary the apex angle of said fuel cone whereby the density of the fuel supply at the plate may be varied.

tion chamber and the interior of the cylinder head, said communicating means being arranged coaxially with the fuel nozzle.

10. As an article of manufacture a fuel admission device for use with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical.

member, a piston member in said cylindrical member having spiral grooves thereon, a threaded member in threaded engagement with said cylinder, means connecting said.

threaded member with said piston member, means for turning said threaded member, means for admitting fuel into said cylinder between said threaded member and piston member, means for discharging fuel from said cylinder on the side of the piston member remote from the fuel inlet means and means for attaching said cylinder to the head of an engine cylinder, an incandescent plate, means for attaching said plate in an engine cylinder opposite the fuel nozzle an ignition chamber in said plate and means for communicating between said ignition chamber and the interior of the cylinder head, said communicating means being arranged coaxiallyv with the fuel nozzle. 5

11. An ignition arrangement for use with internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder, a vaporizing chamber in said cylinder, an ignition plate fitted to said chamber, an ignition chamber in said plate means for communicating between said ignition and vaporizing chambers, a cylindrical member arranged opposite said ignition chamber a piston member in said cylindrical member having spiral grooves thereon, a threaded member in threaded engagement with said cylinder, means connecting said threaded member With the said piston member, means for turning said threaded member, means for admit-ting fuel into said cylinder between said threaded member and piston member, means for discharging fuel from said cylinder in the side of the piston member remote from the fuel inlet means, said discharging means being arranged in axial alignment with the communicating means between the vaporizing and ignition chambers.

12. As an article of manufacture a fuel admission device for use With an internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical member, a piston member in said cylindrical member having spiral grooves thereon, a threaded member in threaded engagement with said cylinder, a spindle connecting said threaded member with said piston member, an extension of said spindle from said threaded member, a lever on said extension and means for operating said lever, means for admitting fuel into said cylinder between said threaded member and piston member, means for discharging fuel from said cylinder in the side of the piston member remote from the fuel inlet means and means for attaching said cylinder to the head of an engine cylinder.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature 30 in presence of tWo Witnesses.

DR. ING. FRITZ HUBER. Witnesses GEORG RUHL, HANS TH. MEYER. 

